Sigmund Freud: Criminals From a Sense of Guilt

Sigmund Freud: Criminals From a Sense of Guilt Sigmund Freud: Criminals From a Sense of Guilt Presentation The article I have decided for my basic examination is Criminals from A Sense of Guilty by Sigmund Freud (1914-1916). This basic audit will take a gander at the hypothesis of Freuds psychoanalytic thoughts of the connection between the individual practices and the social world regarding a wrongdoing. This perusing is about the thought of oblivious and feeling of liable. Freud presents an unmistakable, a significant element in the social hypothesis which is Psychoanalysis. Therapy is a mental point of view which examines the association of the cognizant and oblivious components as a top priority. Freud offered clarifications of how oblivious contemplations disguised just as he discussed the soundness and unreasonableness in the human activities what is happening in their brains. This subject is very particular from the remainder of the past point we adapted so far which were hypotheses of public activity, society and sociological viewpoint just as philosophy. This subject spotlights o n madness and the blameworthy awareness/oblivious. Freud clarifies this subject as that the presence of feeling blame cognizant in the psyche of the individual is available constantly. Freud attempted to comprehend in his capability on the progression of human brain in unmistakable manners. It likewise takes a gander at the various practices of people and how individual are inclined to crooks because of their feeling of blame. Primary body In the primary entry, Freud expresses that his patients, those carried out wrongdoings were battling from an abusive sentiment of blame. Freud started on his article to discuss his standard perception of his patients in his consideration, and how frequently they give their offense of denied wrongdoings they submitted while in his consideration and a short time later. The deficiency of this content is the creator relies upon his experience of his customers, rather than giving an experimental information. For position, in the main passage, he showed that ahead of schedule as when pubescence, those in his consideration were submitting wrongdoings, yet didn't give definite age bunches neither classifications. He didn't give the quantity of individuals he rewarded and watched. In this way, he didn't offer a date to help the legitimacy of piece. It is likewise not satisfactory on the off chance that he was given assent from his patients to share this data because of classification reasons. This is on the grounds that he doesn't examine privacy and secrecy in his article. As indicated by him, these wrongdoings were submitted by his patients while they were very youthful at times. Offenses submitted at the time were robbery, extortion and pyromania. He focused on that wrongdoing is submitted because of its inclination of preclusion, which he trusts it gives mental alleviation to the people. Freud additionally trusts a portion of this individual are enduring the weight of blame and the abused inclination inside them from adolescence, subsequently, perfuming such offense is doled out to something profound (p. 332). This needs explanation of the feeling of feeling Guilt and what made them feel this blame was restricted in his clarification. I don't concur with Freuds asserts that people feel a feeling of blame before they carry out a wrongdoing. Though, I accept an individual can have feeling of blame in the wake of carrying out a wrongdoing in light of the fact that the individual know the outcomes that accompanies perpetrating a wrongdoing. From the embarrassment and disconnection that joins the discipline. In any case, I do concur with Freuds asserts that blame is an interior inclination. In any case, it is simply after an occurrence happens which could be exposed to fine or detainment. This is on the grounds that these disciplines make people stress over their activities which could then prompt a feeling of blame. As I would like to think, I can feel remorseful when I neglected to keep the outright law or perpetrate wrongdoing/sin, or any defiance which is culpable. In this way, I accept that the possibility of blame ought to identify with an infringement of rights. Freuds hypothesis discusses the advancement of criminal character can be because of the method of a kid had been raised since the beginning. The experience of youth could be one reason that numerous youngsters lead to building up a criminal character when they become more seasoned. In this manner, Freud accentuated his patients had a past feelings showed somewhere down in their brains. I may consent somewhat. In any case, numerous kids developed and build up their intellectual ability and get over their past encounters, and some may influence them severely. Moreover, in his period individuals may had the sources and administration that is accessible for some individuals today. The second components of the perusing on the fourth entries, dark of a feeling of blame drived from Oedipus complex (p. 332). He guarantees the outcome of analytical work of human feeling of blame as a rule accordingly is gotten from the Oedipus complex and was a response to the two extraordinary criminal aims of murdering the dad and having sexual relations with the mother (p. 332-333). This shows how the kid sees the dad as discipline figure inside him. The childs tension creates and his resentment toward the dad. Its method of indicating a feeling of strain inside the family unit and the intensity of the dad. In this way, the weight is as of now present in the house before deduction the social limitation when all is said in done. Because of the feeling of blame is gotten from here and this is the principal ethical quality of mankind. In like manner, Freud had no proof to back up his investigation. His case is ambiguous to me on how a youngster can have that limit of an abhor or love. Moreover, youngsters can't create feeling of sexuality at this beginning period especially towards their parental mother. Freud was teaching us about the mental viewpoints and its components which drives people to carry out violations. Be that as it may, as he would see it demonstrated huge components of mental variables interface with early misconducts encounters. Be that as it may, there isn't sufficient proof to back his cases of the variables which drive people to perpetrate violations. This is on the grounds that he doesn't discuss the treatment where his patients had experienced. He likewise didn't pinpoint nor feature the avoidance procedures in his article which could forestall them to perpetrate such wrongdoings. In cognizant phantasy, since they as of now feel they are assaulted and got injured in their brain, and they utilize their instrument resistance, and what assert move is making by these individuals to hurt others cause them to feel diminished. Thusly, this weight of blame inside them, got them calmed by showcasing this phantasy. As indicated by Freud, the genuine discipline which is as of now inside them is anguishing them before carrying on. The third critical case in the content is Pale guiltiness. Freud passed on the therapy understanding of pale lawbreaker (p.333), it is the guideline of oblivious phantasy, the psychological reasoning and movement which is special for the individuals who have feeling of blame and drives to carry out wrongdoing and want for a discipline. Be that as it may, they got assuaged by carrying on. Besides, he finished up his piece saying; Let us leave it to leave it to future exploration to choose (p.333), this sabotages the estimation of his work and shows he had a feeling that his examination required improvement and amendment of his deception. Regardless, the creator appears he didn't completely accomplish his planned objective as he left it for future. The examples and classifications are not satisfactory and the technique used to show up such ends. This shows his investigation isn't wide. It is just in his customers which even comes up short on the quantity of individuals he rewarded. Moreover, it is the thing that his patients educated him its not appeared in the event that he led a scholarly exploration. Without sufficient detail, Freud comes up short on the profundity in its clarification of this article. It is amazingly hard to survey the unwavering quality of his examinations and result. There is some equivocalness with respect to the legitimacy of his examination, and a portion of the cases he saw just as the ends he came to. Not just had he discussed youth encounters and how past feeling drove individuals. Freud likewise clarified human psyche is so basic which needs concrete. End To presume that Freuds hypothesis is known the oblivious psyche, and his expectation was to speak to the criminal from feeling of blame. A portion of the cases Freud examines didnt indicate how he completed his examination. Some of them educated about their offense and their feeling of which headed to carry out a wrongdoing, which didnt have cognizant. Despite the fact that youngsters developed and abandon some juvenile feeling, and some developed with the emotionals. As individuals developed more established they create intellectual ability and all through they gain from off-base and right. Notwithstanding, a few people may carry out wrongdoing for various reasons; due to being a gluttonous or mental issue. In this manner, the individuals he rewarded was not satisfactory what kind of individuals and what condition they were enduring, was it a psychological issue which either be treatable or area for open security. My proposal on this piece is it needs more examination to be done dependent on the feeling of blame reason for the wrongdoing. Despite the fact that, Freuds tests dependent on just a few cases, in any case, analysis made valuable components which are helpful in the criminal equity framework somewhat which is unmistakable despite the fact that is useful yet not solid hundred percent.

Change: Marriage and Conventional Life Style Essay

An individual’s endeavor to live unreservedly depends on confidence and intrigue. To disturb the perfect and criticalness of living under a regular way of life, one must advance outside their day by day schedules. We are frequently impervious to change because of the results of our activities however for some, having a routine becomes everything. It is an agreeable standard method of living that ensures wellbeing and for things to remain precisely the same. At the point when a routine has become stale and unbendable we have become detainees inside the cells of our own creation. By taking a gander at â€Å"Behind the Headlines† by Vidyut Aklujkar one can see the subject the creator exhibits betwwen custom and change*change can get freedom the short story Behind the Headlines, Vidyut Aklujkar states a contention between convention versus change. Hariharan’s daze acknowledgment of abusing Lakshmi is the thing that drives her to such indiscreet approach to oversee her own life. â€Å"Lakshmi got worn out simply considering the consistency of her life.† With this announcement we can assume she feels committed to serve Hariharan because of their marriage and customs. â€Å"Mornings started in this manner with Sanskrit and Sangeet would cause one to feel warm and pure.† Lakshmis flashback to India gives the peruser proof that like Hariharan, she has additionally morning schedules. She at that point discloses how she needed to abandon all that when she wedded Hariharan and needed to move to Canada. In the short story â€Å"Behind the Headline† by Vidyut Aklujkar, the spouse Lakshmi is depleted of her redundant life that is brought about by her better half Hariharan calling. Change in everyday undertakings can furnish you with adaptability.

Top 3 Blogging Trends That Will Dominate 2017

Top 3 Blogging Trends That Will Dominate 2017 Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Top 3 Blogging Trends That Will Dominate 2017Updated On 09/04/2017Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : Blogging FeaturedShort URL : http://bit.ly/2ntRCgX CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogAlthough every blog is uniquely different, and absolutely should be, there are always some defining trends that decipher whether a blog will be successful or not within a particular time period. Blogging is one of those fields that is constantly evolving and in order to stay relevant with followers and rankings, bloggers need to learn to adapt and evolve with the times or risk ending up buried on page 20 of the Google SERPs. Here are the trends expected to dominate the 2016 blogosphere.Blogging Trends That Will Dominate 20161. Don’t Just Tell, Sell!One trend that is increasing in importance is the aspect of selling something. In the past, all that was weighted was a blogger’s voice and p erspective on their niche topic, but now more than ever blogs are a kind of business, which makes the blogger a businessperson. Whether it is selling e-books that the blogger has written, to selling online courses, or ad space on the blog itself, the bottom line is that every blog is selling something on top of the offer of engaging content. In light of this, many blogs are not only being run more like a business but also using specific country domains like this to stand out from the crowd and increase global awareness.2. Be EngagingEngagement is not so coincidentally the next key player. Beyond just metrics such as page views and bounce rates, the user experience will be key to success more than ever next year. But how do you get your readers engaged? Part of the answer to that question is offering content that gets them involved in some way: from your comments section to an endorsements section, or by offering interactive material (downloadable templates and worksheets, infographi cs, podcasts, webinars, videos, etc.) that they physically engage with.READWhich elements of a webpage have an impact on user experience?Your content needs to be relevant and valuable in some way, but it should also engage the visitors on more than one form of interaction (reading). See here for some effective ways of increasing engagement on your blog.3. Email Lists Continue to Increase in ImportanceOne way to keep people engaged is to keep them informed, like through an email newsletter for example. Having followers of your blog and being active on social media is fantastic, but if you are a blogger and have not yet harnessed the power of an email list, then you are shooting yourself in the foot. Although social media is great for marketing, and gaining likes and shares (increasing your reach), it isn’t reaching the loyal readership that an email list generates. If someone registers for a blog email list, it means they are interested enough to know when new content is being post ed and will most likely read anything you send them.An email newsletter reminding them of your blog, informing them of new posts and products, and even offering discounts on the products you are selling; all of this keeps your blog relevant at the present, as opposed to being out of sight, out of mind. Your loyal reader base is your key market demographic and the heart and soul of your blog success. Analyse these Blogging trends that will dominate 2016 and prepare your strategy accordingly.

Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) - 2609 Words

Susana Robles March 24, 2015 English 100B Jodi Simmons Autism Spectrum Disorder â€Å"Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is the name given to describe a wide range of behaviors amongst the autistic population. Children with autism are less able to interact with the world as other children do. Normally they have shortfalls in five key ranges: verbal, non-verbal correspondence, social mindfulness, and connections† (The New Talkers.com). This is one of the disorders that can either be recognized right away in a child, take a long time to diagnose, or might not even be noticeable; the lack of diagnosis can also become a negative issue in an autistic person’s life. Because this disorder is fairly common, and can be devastating should a child have ASD but remain undiagnosed, public schools should train their teachers and staff to recognize autism and its symptoms. There are many students that are being failed rather than receiving the help required to help these children succeed. Many in the general public as well are not informed of what autism is, and ca n be judgmental towards these kids without understanding why these kids act the way they do. Parents and specially teachers need to be educated about this disorder so that these children can grow up having a better future. To further describe the complexity of this disease, the Center of Disease Control offers this explanation as to why ASD is so hard to diagnose: Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental disability that canShow MoreRelatedAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1722 Words   |  7 Pagesin every sixty-eight births are diagnosed with the Autism spectrum disorder in other words (ASD), which is about one percent of the world’s population. And that more than three point five million people in America live with a person who has the Autism spectrum disorder. We all know that Autism is a spectrum disorder in which an abnormality is developed in the brain. It is a long life condition that has no cure for itself. People who have Autism face many difficulties in their communication and theirRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1441 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a hereditary neurodevelopmental disorder. Like many other psychological disorders, it is commonly misunderstood in popular culture. Many allude to it casually, often equating it with crippling social awkwardness and disability when it is in fact a spectrum disorder with many degrees of severity. It is somewhat of an enigma within the scientific community as well; there are many things we do not know about ASD and there is ongoing research to learn moreRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1535 Words   |  7 PagesHow Autism Influences the Interactions with Others There is a little boy that gets up every morning and goes to school. He goes home to his parents after school each day. He eats, sleeps, and plays just like any other child. There is one difference. He sees the world in a unique way than most other children not affected by Autism Spectrum Disorder. The boy’s life and actions are a bit different and can be challenging for him. He needs understanding parents, family members, and teachers. Autism SpectrumRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1444 Words   |  6 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder Dustin S. Staats University of Central Oklahoma â€Å"Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) formerly known as just Autism, is a disorder that affects about 1 in 68 children here in the United States.† (Facts about ASD) This is a pretty high prevalence and the number is continuing to rise. â€Å"Autism is a developmental disability that can cause significant impairments in behavioral, communication, and social aspects of everyday life.†(Facts about ASD). The intellectual functioning ofRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1569 Words   |  7 Pagesdiagnoses for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) occur has seen a dramatic growth in numbers. With diagnoses for ASD increasing, more siblings are also being found to have grown up with a sister or brother with autism spectrum disorder. Previous studies have shown no consensus on whether or not siblings of persons with ASD are at risk for negative effects. However, patterns of anxiety among these siblings are being examined to see if characteristics of a child with autism spectrum disorder and their parentsRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1369 Words   |  6 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Introduction I don t think people understand how unique children with Autism are or the demands of caring for a child with Autism is. In order to grasp the effect of this disability has on a child or their family it is important to understand the characteristics of a child living with Autism. So for you to understand I will be talking about Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or Autism in a childs life. I will be talking about what autism is, the history and descriptionRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1587 Words   |  7 Pages Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder  (ASD) Purpose: My audience will learn the importance of recognizing early signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder in children. Thesis: It is important to understand the early signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder, and why early intervention is the best treatment. Introduction: Gain/maintain attention There is a television show I like to watch called â€Å"The Big Bang Theory, maybe some of you have seen it. This show focuses on the relationships between a group of friends, someRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) Essay1168 Words   |  5 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder, as defined by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders, refers to a group of complex neurodevelopment disorders characterized by repetitive and characteristic patterns of behavior and difficulties with social communication and interaction (ninds.nih.gov). Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a very complex developmental disorder and the term ‘spectrum’ was added to the original term simply known as ‘Autism’ due to the wide range of symptoms associated with the disorderRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1852 Words   |  8 PagesThe following paper is going to cover the topic of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Using research and data collected from various authors and journalists the paper will describe the different variations of autism and discuss the impact autism has on a person- in society, at home, in the classroom, and in their careers. Beginning at infancy, autism has a major impact on not just the child but their family’s life as well. The child’s lack of ability to interpret social cues, gestures, and expressionsRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) Essay1240 Words   |  5 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a range of conditions grouped under the neurodevelopmental disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) published in 2013 (Kress Paylo, 2015). Those who are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder must present two types of symptoms: 1) Deficits in social communication and social interaction and 2) Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities (APA, 2013). The DSM-5 merged all autism

Airline Deregulation Act Of 1978 Signed - 1398 Words

INTRODUCTION Airline deregulation is the process of removing the government-imposed regulations on the entry of new airlines as well the airline fare limiting the competition and growth of the airline industry. In the United States, airline deregulation mainly refers to the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 signed by President Carter. President Carter signed the Act, but the act was proposed initially during Nixon’s presidency, and was carried out by the Ford Administration. The airline industry was growing dramatically during the 1960s and mid-1970s. Due to the steady increase in the demand, airlines were facing three major difficulties- lack of free and stable market, high ticket prices leading to poor productivity, and rising†¦show more content†¦Section four, will be an overview of post-deregulation strategies and its success. Section five, will address the present day oligopolistic domestic airline market and explain how it is hurting social welfare. Section six, will present methods such as â€Å"mergers† or â€Å"alliances† which are being utilized to prevent competition. Section seven, will outline the major historic event of 9/11 and the impact it had on the airline industries, as it strongly called for government involvement. Lastly, I will conclude with few remarks. SECTION TWO: History of the airline industry and the CAB The beginning of government-imposed regulations on the airline industry can be dated back to the passage of the Civil Aeronautics Act in 1938. (Millbrooke, 2006) The Civil Aeronautics Act was responsible for transferring federal responsibilities for non-military aviation from the Bureau of Air Commerce to a new independent agency referred to as the Civil Aeronautics Authority. The Civil Aeronautic Authority soon became Civil Aeronautics board (CAB) and had three major functions: to award routes to airlines, limit the competition by controlling the entry of new air carriers into the market, and to regulate the air fares. (Millbrooke, 2006) The established practices of the commercial passenger can be dated even further back to the policies of Walter Folger Brown, the U.S. postmaster general in

Marketing Plan For A Business Plan - 1268 Words

1 †Beer is proof that God loves us and wants us to be happy† Benjamin Franklin Sunny Brewing Company is located in Small Town USA. For the purpose of this assignment the following assumptions will be used: ï‚ · The liquor licensing laws allow for onsite consumption as well as distribution. ï‚ · The physical plant location is not geographically bound thus allowing for physical expansion, rather than total relocation, to add square footage for the operation. In this instance the term bound refers to no available tenant space on either side of the existing location. ï‚ · Credit history of the company is solid, with no loan or bill default having occurred. ï‚ · Management has an established tracking of customer sales and preferences. ï‚ · Owners/stakeholders†¦show more content†¦They do not wish to become an Anheuser Busch. 2 Financial Status Sunny Brewing Company has been in business for one calendar year. We will make the assumption that the two new part time employee’s salary includes all taxes and social security contribution. Also, health benefits are not included as part of the compensation package. Included in the compensation package is one half gallon growler of beer per week and two logoed T-shirts every six months as a uniform. The financial ratio calculations have been adjusted to include the employee compensation for two employees at $15,000.00 per twelve months or $30,000.00 divided by twelve. The Current Ratio Formula; Current Ratio is determined by dividing the assets by the liabilities. (MBA in a Nutshell) Current Ratio= Assets /Liabilities with balance sheet numbers: $18,211 / $6573 = a ratio of 2.77 Short term creditors prefer a higher ratio as it reduces the risk of default. Conversely, shareholders prefer a low ratio as it indicates that the assets are being utilized to grow the business. Based on the project information we are assuming that inventory turnover is not a factor of concern as â€Å"they are selling as fast as they can make it.† The Net Working Capital Ratio: Net Working Capital Ratio is determined by the current assets minus the current liabilities. (MBA in a Nutshell) (Net Working Capital Ratio= Current Assets –Current Liabilities) With the

Management Accounting Business Finance for Corporate

Question: Describe about the Management Accounting for Business Finance for Corporate. Answer: a) The production costing system is the process of assigning inventory costs and production costs based on the expenses that are used to buy or produce inventory. It is important for the company to use appropriate costing system in order to record all their information(Elliott and Elliott, 2008). Therefore, it is the process to track and analyze all the expenses that are incurred during the production and sale of the products. It helps the company to store and analyze cost information as well as providing significant information that helps to prepare future business plan. Product costing system helps to increase the efficiency of the business especially when variable costing assigns only the units of the product the variable costs associated with the creation (Elliott and Elliott, 2008). Without an appropriate [product costing system it would be difficult for the company to analyze the flow of cash and determining whether the ongoing project has been successfully accomplished or not. Th e manager of the company makes decisions on the basis of return on investments and the amount of profit the company can obtain from the sale of the product. The product costingsystem shows all the information that helps the manager to make decisions(Fifield and Power, 2011).The development of product refers to the manufacturing of new and innovative product. Product costing can be a valuable resource while designing a new product line as it allows the manufacturing department to evaluate costs associated with the development of the product AASB 102 inventories are equal to the IAS 2. The objective of the AASB is to describe the inventories accounting and applies to the reporting organizations that prepares financial statements in both non for profit and for profit sectors(Helbk, Lindest and McLellan, 2010). The conversion cost of inventories includes costs that are directly related to the production together with allocation of the production overheads are as follows: Direct labor used in the process of production Direct materials that directly enter into the process of production are converted into the finished goods(Hillier, 2010). Fixed overheads such as factory management costs or depreciation Variable overheads such as indirect labor and indirect materials Direct costing is referred to as specialized form of the cost analysis that particularly uses variable cost in order to make appropriate decisions. Direct costing does not includes fixed cost that are assumed to be associated with time periods in which the costs were incurred. It helps the management department to take short term decisions (Holton, 2012).The variables overheads are allocated to units based on the use of the production facilities. The unallocated variances, for an example idle plant should be recognized as expense in profit or loss in the incurred period. The preparation of the financial statements will help to determine and evaluate the financial position of the company(Moles, 2011). b) Cost of goods manufactured Direct Materials Amount ($) Beginning raw material inventory 25000 Purchase of raw material 120000 Raw material available 20000 Closing raw material inventory -24000 Raw materials transferred to production 141000 Direct labour 35700 Indirect labour cost 15000 Factory supplies 5000 Insurance 5000 Repair maintenance 2500 Land tax 2200 Total manufacturing costs 206400 Beginning work in progress 8000 Closing work in progress -7500 Cost of goods manufactured 206900 Cost of goods sold Amount ($) Cost of goods sold Beginning finished goods inventory 12500 Cost of goods manufactured 206900 finished goods inventory -13600 Cost of goods sold 205800 Cost of goods manufactured is referred to total expenses required for the production of products which includes variable and fixed costs that incurs during a specific period of time. It helps to determine the cost of goods sold in the income statement. Cost of goods sold is the direct costs that are associated with the production of the product sold by the company. The amounts include material cost used to manufacture product as well as direct labor used. The items that have been removed are depreciation, advertising expense, managers salary, travel and entertainment expense as because the costs are not associated with the production of goods. The goods of manufactured schedule include all the items that are used during the production process(Paramasivan and Subramanian, 2009). The preparation of the financial statements will help to determine and evaluate the financial position of the company. c) Template T accounts The production department requires investment and resources in order to manufacture products. The production department required raw materials, labour and financial investment. The increases in sale of product will help to increase the profitability of the company. The preparation of cost accounts will help to estimate and evaluate the total cost required for the production of the product. The company will be able to estimate its performance by analyzing the sales and cost of the production. Raw Materials Particulars Debit ($) Particulars Credit ($) Balance b/d 25000 Raw material used 121000 Raw material used 120000 Purchases Balance c/d 24000 Total 145000 Total 145000 Work in progress Particulars Debit ($) Particulars Credit ($) Balance b/d 8000 Expenses 500 Balance c/d 7500 8000 8000 Finished goods Particulars Debit ($) Particulars Credit ($) Balance b/d 12500 Production cost 1100 Balance c/d 13600 12500 12500 Accounts Payable Particulars Debit ($) Particulars Credit ($) Balance b/d 20000 Cash 2500 Balance c/d 22500 22500 22500 Cost of goods sold Particulars Debit ($) Particulars Credit ($) Beginning finished goods inventory 12500 Cost of goods manufactured 206900 Balance c/d 208000 finished goods inventory 13600 220500 220500 i) Manufacturing overhead Particulars Debit ($) Particulars Credit ($) Actual overhead 35700 Applied overhead 53550 Balance c/d 17850 Total 53550 Total 53550 ii) Indirect costs Particulars Debit ($) Particulars Credit ($) Administrative (Sales) salaries 24000 Advertising expense 12000 Travel and entertainment (sales) expense 14100 Balance c/d 50100 Total 50100 Total 50100 iii) Difference between over or under applied overhead is (applied overhead actual overhead), (53550-35700=17850). Therefore, it shows that the overhead is over applied. iv) Particulars Debit ($) Credit ($) Cash 17850 Applied overhead 17850 d) A under applied or over applied manufacturing overhead expenses is referred to as the difference between the production overhead cost that is applied on the work in progress and the production overhead cost that is incurred during a period of time. Therefore, the application of over applied or under applied can be determined if the production manufacturing cost that is applied to the work in process is more than production overhead cost incurred actually during a period(Shapiro, 2006). The difference between the estimation is known as the over applied production overhead. If the production overhead cost that is applied to the work in progress is less than production overhead cost incurred actually during a period. Therefore, the differences between them is known as the under applied production overhead. The company should focus on strategies in order to deal with under or over applied overhead. The decision is based on many factors that should be considered while estimating the overh ead such as expected time length in order to complete the process of manufacturing, anticipating the shared overhead costs and other factors that lead the organization to determine and analyze the amount of production overhead per unit(Smart, Megginson and Gitman, 2004). The most difficult part of manufacturing product and allocating the cost are uneven circumstances that may arise while operating the manufacturing process as well as affecting the overall development of the company. The accountants of the company charges the production overhead expenses to the inventories on the number of hours the machines uses in the process of production and estimating the rate. An appropriate allocation of the resources will help to deal with the situation of under applied or over applied of overhead. The company should focus on strategies in order to deal with under or over applied overhead(Spiceland, Sepe and Nelson, 2011). The production overhead includes all the expense of cost of goods sold that cannot be attributed to product being produced. The overhead expenses statement shows all the expenses that are incurred by a company during a specific period time. It includes variable costs, fixed costs, direct expenses and indirect expenses. The under applied and over applied of production overhead arises when the manufacturing overhead that is budgeted does not match with the actual manufacturing overhead. The main role of the managers is to control the cost of production as well as matching the set result with the actual result. An effective cost control system helps to manage all the operations of the organization as well as enhancing the performance of the company(Stittle and Wearing, 2008). The overheads can be controlled and the manufacturing department plays a significant role in the management of the cost that incurred during specific period of time. The management of costs and other expenses helps to determine and evaluate the efficiency level of a company. The man agement department is responsible to control and manage the cost of the company. Particulars Debit ($) Credit ($) Cash 17850 Applied overhead 17850 e) The standard costing system is a part of the cost accounting that assists the managers to manage all the costs of the organization incurred during a period of time. The standard costs are commonly associated with the production costs which include direct labor costs, manufacturing overhead, material costs of the company(Tripathi, 2008). It is a significant accounting tool that helps the accountants to evaluate the costs and minimizing the errors by suggesting appropriate acting and determining variance in the accounts(Wild, 2005). The managers and staff members of Seafarer Keyaksshould implement standard costing system within their organization in order to establish an efficient cost centers and assigning the responsibilities to different department within the organization that will help to increase the efficiency of the delegation of the authority(Wolf, 2008). The preparation of the cost accounts is very much important such as cost of goods and cost of goods manufactured in order to determine and evaluate the costs incurred by a company during a period of time. An effective standard costing system develops the reappraisals techniques and materials that lead to minimum unfavorable variances(Zopounidis, 2008). Therefore, the managers of the company will be able to determine the products that are not processing as per the projected plan. The procedures of the cost control can be simplified with the help of standard costing system within the departments and provides a wide platform to manage all the operations such as costs, direct expenses, indirect expenses and other costs. The financial plan of an organization depends on effective and efficient costing system as well as also helps in inventory evaluation, marginal costing and budgeting. The cost management shows the expenses incurred by a company during a period of time(Fifield and Power, 2011). The production process cost and other overhead expenses are also estimated with the help of production costing system. The overrate can be estimated of Seafarer Keyaks can be calculated on the basis of labor hours, raw materials, payroll, payment to the supplier etc. It can be managed with the help of standard costing system.The direct labour cost, direct material cost, other cost and their actual costs are compared to the set standards(Helbk, Lindest and McLellan, 2010). T he costing system enables to compare the actual cost with the set standards as well determining and analyzing the variances differences. The analysis of the variances differences will help the managers to determine and evaluate their weaknesses as well as improving their cost control system, cost management system and operational efficiencies. The inventory balances can also be analyzed and printing the report to evaluate the inventory during a period of time(Paramasivan and Subramanian, 2009). The preparation of financial statements helps an organization to analyze their financial performance during a specific period of time.Therefore, the managers of the company should implement standard costing system in order to estimate the cost incurred during a period of time and comparing the actual result with the set results. The management of operations and accounting process increases the cost effectiveness as well as implementing adequate system. The managers of Seafarer Kaykas should m anage their operations and cost with the help of standard costing system(Shapiro, 2006). It will also allow the managers to formulate the pricing and production policies and rules as well planning for future objectives, costs, budgets and production process. The inventory evaluation will become easier as well a managing all the expenses, liabilities and revenues. The preparation of the financial statements will help to determine and evaluate the financial position of the company. The production process of the company includes cost of materials, labour, salaries, factory expenses and other associated costs(Spiceland, Sepe and Nelson, 2011). The finance department plays a significant role in the management of funds and resources of the company. References Berk, J. and DeMarzo, P. (2007).Corporate finance. Boston: Pearson Addison Wesley. Elliott, B. and Elliott, J. (2008).Financial accounting and reporting. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Fifield, S. and Power, D. (2011).Managerial finance. [Bradford, UK]: Emerald. Helbk, M., Lindest, S. and McLellan, B. (2010).Corporate finance. New York: McGraw-Hill. Hillier, D. (2010).Corporate finance. London: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Holton, R. (2012).Global finance. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Moles, P. (2011).Corporate finance. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Paramasivan, C. and Subramanian, T. (2009).Financial management. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers. Shapiro, A. (2006).Multinational financial management. New York: J. Wiley Sons. Smart, S., Megginson, W. and Gitman, L. (2004).Corporate finance. Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western. Spiceland, J., Sepe, J. and Nelson, M. (2011).Intermediate accounting. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Stittle, J. and Wearing, B. (2008).Financial accounting. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications. Tripathi, M. (2008).Auditing and finance management. New Delhi: Navyug Publishers and Distributors. Wild, J. (2005).Financial accounting. Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Wolf, M. (2008).Fixing global finance. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press. Zopounidis, C. (2008).Managerial finance. [Bradford, England]: Emerald.

Shark Fins Essay Example

Shark Fins Essay Should we eat sharks’ fins? Shark’s fin soup is a delicacy which is enjoyed by many people around the world, especially the Chinese as they believe that it symbolizes wealth, honour and respect. However, the practice of cutting off sharks’ fins alive and then throwing them back into the sea had caused increasing awareness and ire of animal rights and environment advocates. Statistics have estimated that one hundred million sharks are killed every year, not considering the fact that these numbers are still increasing. In my personal viewpoint, I feel that sharks’ fins should not be consumed due to ethical, environmental and health issues. It is immorally incorrect to cut off sharks’ fins alive and then throwing them back into the sea. By doing so, we are inflicting excruciating pain and suffering to the sharks. Science research has shown that there is actually in fact no great biological divide between humans and animals. Darwin demonstrated how animals and humans are clearly linked through evolutionary continuity and recent research has even shown that similar nervous systems as humans and respond to pain like we do. We will write a custom essay sample on Shark Fins specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Shark Fins specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Shark Fins specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It is highly inhumane and cruel to slaughter sharks in such a way that they have to experience so much agony just for the sake of our desires and craves. There is no reason for the very fact of humanity’s superiority over other animals means we have the reason to exploit other species. It is only reasonable for us to leave sharks alone when they have not caused much harm to us in any way. Since it is incorrect for us to kill sharks, we should deter ourselves from craving for sharks’ fins. Additionally, by killing such a great number of sharks would lead to environmental issues. One of the impacts would be the imminent extinction of the shark species. According to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, 143 shark species which is over 55 percent of the shark species are facing a high risk of extinction either now or in the near future. It has also been discovered that excessive fishing has caused a 90 percent decline in shark populations across the world’s oceans and up to 99 percent along the United States east coast. Another impact would be an imbalance in the ecological system. In the natural world, all elements of an ecosystem are interconnected and depend on each other in one way or another. Sharks, being the top predator, act as caretakers of the environment, picking off the smaller and weaker species, but helping to ensure healthy populations and a balanced ecosystem. Hence, if the shark population is wiped out from the eco system, it will have a devastating impact on other species within the marine environment. Some of these species are valuable sources of food, and economic gains. Therefore, environmental concern is one of the most crucial reasons why we should not consume sharks’ fins. Besides being morally wrong and creating harm to the environment, eating shark fin has been proven to be harmful to our bodies. Some people have claimed health benefits of sharks’ fin soup. However, these claims are unfounded. Instead, in fact, sharks contain a high level of mercury which would cause damage to the human central nervous system and birth defects in infants. The United States Environmental Protection Agency caution consumers that sharks, with their long life spans of fifty plus years, absorb and store significant amounts of mercury in their fins often at high level. Additionally, it is discovered that sharks’ fins are often treated with hydrogen peroxide so as to make their colours more appealing to consumers. Moreover, there have been several cases in which business companies sell fake shark’s fins for the benefit of economic gains. The China Daily in Beijing and Japanese language Hong Kong Post have reported on phony fins sold as pure sharks’ fins sold through Asia and North America. Generally, most of these cases involve bogus fins made from a variety of ingredients before being bleached white with highly corrosive chemicals. The consumption of these bogus fins is definitely harmful to health. Given the adverse effects on human health, sharks’ fins should hence not be eaten. In conclusion, sharks’ fins should not be consumed due to the several negative impacts it will bring to the environment and our health, even to the extent of sacrificing our moral values.

Electoral Colleges Essays - Electoral College, Free Essays

Electoral Colleges Essays - Electoral College, Free Essays Electoral Colleges In the United States we are all guaranteed one vote per person. Everyone has an equal voice in electing the people that serve in the government. Every four years during the month of November citizens of America go to the polls to vote for a president and vice-president of the United States. Am I right? Not really. They actually vote for electors that then vote for our president. It makes me wonder, "Are we a democracy?" Having the Electoral College defeats its purpose. I oppose the electoral college for these three reasons, in election 2000 the president that lost the popular vote actually won, everyone's vote doesn't really count, plus the electoral college has disrupted elections fifteen times! First of all I would like to bring to your attention that many votes don't even get counted if you call the United States a democracy. The way the whole Electoral College thing works is that each state is allowed a certain number of "electors" (the state's number of Representatives plus its Senators), who then vote for the president. The elector's vote based on the state's popular vote. After the state verifies the votes, the candidate that receives the most votes get all of that state's elector's votes. Because the state's constitution awards electoral votes that way, the innumerable individual votes become meaningless. Does that sound fair to you? It doesn't to me. Secondly, do you agree with election 2000? I surely don't, I mean the wrong president won the election. Gore received 500,000 more votes than Bush. But who won the election, Bush. All because of a policy called the Electoral College. It is a very controversial issue. I know that many people are unhappy about this election. I thought we were a democracy! And we choose are president, not electors. Finally, these consequences go far beyond simple "fairness" issues. Too many times in American history the Electoral College has single-handedly defeated the purpose of democracy in our country. Since the first presidential election, there have been more than a dozen instances in which somebody has been elected president without a majority of the votes. The following are examples from how the electoral college has disrupted an election: Woodrow Wilson, Harry Truman, John F. Kennedy, Richard Nixon, Jimmy Carter, Michael Dukakis, Bill Clinton, and now George Bush. I think the best way to change this 200-year-old system is to start off slow. Test out a new system in a smaller election and then, eventually, it will catch on. And it will change the national policy. We are a democracy in the United States, right? That's why I oppose the electoral college, because everyone's vote doesn't count, the wrong president won in election 2000 if you call the United States a democracy, and the electoral college has disrupted outcomes in more than a dozen elections.

Why South Europe would disagree or agree with Turkey joining the EU Essay

Why South Europe would disagree or agree with Turkey joining the EU - Essay Example Italian consolidation is considered relatively slow and it is not yet clear when the state became firmly democratic (McLaren 10). Spain’s consolidation is much clearer and its transition process began after the Franco’s death in 1975. Within a span of three years it had ratified a democratic constitution and held a democratic election (McLaren 11). All the three countries have large populations and land mass and this raises the potential difficulty in the governance and consolidation unlike the smaller Southern European nations such as Greece and Portugal. Both Spain and Turkey have faced threats of regional separatism as they are forced to tighten their security against the separatist movements. Their own armed forces are potential risks towards the stability of these countries. Although this is the case, Italy and Spain have been capable of consolidating their democracies while Turkey has failed (McLaren 16). The following factors explain the differences in these three countries; the level of stateness problems during the early transition periods and how the regimes handled those problems, economic crisis and economic development during the time of transition, methods used to design the new rules for the regime, military professionalism, and the external factors influence on the consolidation of democracy (McLaren 16). I will disagree with Turkey joining the European Union because of a number of factors. Looking at the background of Turkey and other members of the sub region, it is very clear that Turkey has failed in its democracy and the others have thrived well despite all of them starting at the same point. The per capita GDP of Turkey indicates that the country is faced with poverty and this may raise fears among the members of the European Union in terms of the increased immigration and workers from Turkey taking over their jobs (Emerson and

SECTION C OF CAP TK 3C Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

SECTION C OF CAP TK 3C - Essay Example I understood my role as a project manager not as directing the project, and also recognized that I cannot effectively achieve my goals without receiving the proper information on financial performance, in a timely manner. Financial account is concerned with the business language. Additionally, I have realised that this is a common channel through which all parties can effectively communicate issues of business. It is the common media through which people of all walks can effectively understand one another equally. This language has been used in the project to record different transactions and summarize the results of the project operations. It is this information, which is then used by other interested parties to understand matters of the project that they are interested with. For example, the performance reports are used by the project manager to understand whether the project is running effectively and according to the set goals. Essentially, I have come to understand that financia l accounting is the backbone of any coordination and planning in an organization or a project, and it must be taken with the seriousness it deserves. Courses and Assessments that contributed to the Lessons Financial accounting and analysis Cost accounting Project management Company analysis Financial statement analysis Ratio analysis Budget planning and analysis Lesson #2: Corporate social responsibility Mount Sinai Hospital takes the responsibility of ensuring the wellbeing and health of its employees, customers as well as the stakeholders, as part of its Social Corporate Responsibility. Given that 1 in every 8 women in the US is diagnosed with cancer, the hospital recognises the fact that even some of its workers may have come into contact with cancer in one way or another. Therefore, the hospital works in partnership with other well-wisher-organisations such as Breakthrough Breast Cancer, in order to deliver a scheme that contributes funds to promote life-saving breast awareness to people that are affected. Indeed, creating cancer awareness was one of the action plans towards implementation of the current project. This helps the public and particularly the women who are susceptible to become aware of the worth of undertaking regular cancer check-ups – with this they will realize that early detection can help reduce the chances of dying from cancer because treatment can be easier. The hospital undertakes awareness with the help of likeminded partners, by use of display words and pictures on product packaging as well as on special stickers in the hospital’s women changing rooms. In addition, Mt Sinai Hospital is involved in distribution of education materials to its staff and customers across the US. When I interacted with top managers that are involved with social responsibility plans, they made be aware that social responsibility is part and parcel of the hospitals’ strategic plans, and that its unique nature is that it is not profit or iented. Instead, the programme is used as a way of giving back to the community with the expectation of benefits such as improved public image and brand awareness. Essentially, I came to understand that Social Corporate Responsibility does not lead to waste of resources especially because its long-term benefits are worthwhile. Courses and assessments that contributed to the Lessons Company analysis Management and leadership Marketing and brand

Economic Problem of Pakistan Essay Example for Free

Economic Problem of Pakistan Essay In this way thinking is the base of our voluntary behavior. Characteristics Of Thinking:- * Problem:- There is a certain problem, which has no readymade solution underlying each and every thinking process. * Associations:- Thinking has a chain of associative thoughts and ideas which help to solve the problem. * Analysis And Synthesis:- Analysis and synthesis are both used in thinking. Every aspect of problem is formerly analyzed separately and latterly all of these aspects are synthesized to examine the relationship between stimuli and responses. * Presence Of Stimuli:- Thinking does not need the presence of stimuli or objects to be sensed. * Physical Condition:- The physical condition is at rest during thinking . However, slight movement in the muscles, fingers, hands, arms, shoulders, eyebrows, lips and larynx are noticed in thinking. * Words And Language:- Verbal symbols are used in thinking in a sub vocal activity. An individual talks to himself in a low tone * Source Of Knowledge:- Thinking is a source of knowledge and is a higher mental process in human beings. Animal also have thinking but lesser then human beings. Animal thinking is purposive in nature and is expressed in the primary stage. Human thinking is more progressive and higher then animals as his life is more complex. Types Of Thinking There are two types of thinking * Autistic or crooked thinking * Realistic or straight thinking * Autistic Thinking:- This type of thinking is of free associative ideas in which an individual remains busy in wishful thinking and satisfies his unconscious desires, unsolved problems and conflicts. It occur when an individual fails to satisfy his desires, fails io achieve his goals and aims of life. Types Of Autistic Thinking It can be further divided into two types * Fantasy or day dreaming * Dreams Realistic or Straight Thinking:- Realistic thinking is a process which helps in problem solving in the real environment with the use of practical neurophysiologic process of overt behavior in productive and reproductive thinking. Types Of Realistic Thinking It can be further divided into three types * Problem solving * Reasoning * Creative thinking 1-Problem Solving Definition Of Problem:- A situation when a person finds any obstacles on the way to goal achievements in a new and strange situation and he does not have any readymade information or knowledge to cope with the situation Solution of problem:- According to Jackson and Hyson â€Å"Problem solving is the scientific practical statement of neurophysiologic process instead of theoretical statement of the internal thinking process and learning. † Problem solving cycle:- In short problem solving is a process which occurs in the presence of problem arising situation. Types Of Problem:- Problem are categorized in three ways * Arrangement problems Arrangement problem require the problem solver to rearrange or recombine the elements in a way that will satisfy a certain criterion Example Scrabbles in which we arrange different letters to make words * Inducing structure Inducing structure requires a solver to identify the existing relationship among the elements presented and then construct a new relationship among them. * Transformation problems Problem gives you only the start and end state and the procedure or method to be followed Example The problem of tower of Hanoi, in which 52 rings are to placed using the 3 pegs only with the condition that you cannot place a bigger ring on the smaller one Such problem are solved by the * Knowledge * Trial and error method presented by Thorndike * Insight method presented by Koehler Thorndike’s experiment In 1898, Thorndike constructed problem boxes made of iron bars for many experiment. He used to imprison the hungry cats in these boxes and kept their food a piece of meat outside. The cats could see their food through these problems boxes or the cages. Food worked as an incentive or positive reinforcement for the cat to come out and get foods. The problem was how to open the door? These doors could be opened by pulling the cord or pressing the lever or by moving clutch Conclusion Of Thorndike Experiment He observed that the cats sometimes hit their teeth or paw or the nose on the bars and used different method. Accidently they succeeded to open the door He conclude that the animal not only learn by trial and error but also can retain their learning by the method of association of thoughts between past and present experiences. This is bases on productive thinking INSIGHT METHOD Experiment In 1925 a gestalt psychologist Kohler said that Trial and error is not sufficient in problem solving. Insight is also necessary for the problem solving Kohler conducted experiment on monkeys to see how the monkeys solved their problems of getting bananas hanged so high in the center of ceiling. In one experiment he kept boxes in a corner and in the other experiment he kept small sticks. Conclusion He observed the monkeys in first experiment tried to get bananas by jumping high. In other experiment Kohler observed that the monkeys made use of the stick. It inserted punted end of one stick into other sticks. Afterward in 1926 he modified the process of insight is not a sudden act it recurs in the light of past experiences along with the perceptual organization. This was based on reproductive thinking Conclusion Of Both Experiments Researches show that some problems are solved by trials and error, and some other are solved by insight. Herbert birch in 1945 gave stick to the four year old monkeys in a cage, and placed their food outside. Only one monkey used this stick as a tool to get its food, this monkey has already used this stick. The other monkeys were given three days to play with sticks. These monkeys attained the experience of looking into the sticks, peeping through the holes, pressing and touching things beyond approach. Then on the fourth day they were able to solve their problems with the sticks. The solution of a problem attained by insight is not purely new but it is the consequence of the learning of past experiences. Factors influencing the problem solving Following are the factors which influence the problem solving * Intensity of the motivation It is the general view that the stronger motive provokers more struggle to solve the problem. Weaker motive creates distraction, stronger motive creates functional fixedness and medium motive is the best for problem solving as it encourage new responses. * Functional fixedness Functional fixedness is an inability to see the new use for a familiar tool. So a response set hinders the problem solving. * Response Set Response set is a constant tendency to respond to a situation in a certain manner, according to gestalt principle of perceptual organization wholeness, collectiveness and relativeness become the habit family hierarchy which cause hindrance in changing the response set and a rigidity causes difficulty in problem solving * Past Experience Past experience is facilitating in problem solving of the similar situational problem but is a hindrance in the new situation * Personal Context Every individual is influenced by his personal values, faith and creed and does not want to change his response set beyond it. Mental Set Mental se is to prepare mentally to do certain things in certain order. Mental set may be facilitating in problems solving for the desired situation. * Frustration and stress Too much stress and frustration cased by failure in the most difficult problem decrease the problem solving efficiency. * Social background An individual seldom has his individual problem as he does no t live alone. He is an integral part of the society and he has to interact within the society, so his problems are social problems as a consequence of social interactions. 2-Reasoning Definition According to Philip G. Zimbardo Reasoning is a purposive thinking which collects information or data about the problem and to work on it in a traditional or a new way. Types Of Reasoning There are three types of reasoning * Deductive reasoning * Inductive reasoning * Evaluative reasoning Deductive Reasoning Deductive reasoning proceeds on the basis of past knowledge. It draws conclusion from general bits of knowledge to specific presents. It follows the rules of Aristotelian logic. Inductive Reasoning Inductive reasoning is the essence of creative thinking both in science and arts. It leads from specific present to the more general conclusion. In this type of reasoning the thinkers build from known to unknown, and he may give more than one conclusion. Thus the conclusion is not totally predictable. Evaluative Reasoning Evaluative reasoning is critical in nature. It judges the correctness or suitability of an idea. The validity of the conclusion depends both upon the reasoning process and the standard used. Step Of Evaluative Reasoning According to Holliman there are five steps in evaluative reasoning i. Establishing of the purpose and standard for the appropriate process ii. Evaluating the solution to proceed further iii. Finding out the correct responses to achieve the goals iv. Arranging the sequence of the responses and solutions to achieve the goal in time v. Compare the drawn conclusion with the given standard to check validation and success Steps Of Reasoning * Identifying The Problems Reasoning can’t take place in the absence of problem The problem must be sated explicitly so that its important may be evident and one should try to reason out for its solution * Preparation For The Collection Of Information The second step is to prepare him to collect data and the necessary information about the problem by reading relative books by arranging the responses achieve from the past knowledge. * Analysis The third step is to analysis to collect data according to its merits and demerits * Synthesis After analysis one has to synthesis data by classifying correct and incorrect separately in systematic order to draw result. * Evaluation The last step is to evaluate the result to check the validity and reliability Principles Of Reasoning * Problem must be real. The information collected about the problem must be tangible. Reasoning must be clear, solid and evident. * Reasoning must be according to the proved logic. 3- Creative Thinking Definition According to Zimbardo and Ruche â€Å"Creative thinking is the occurrence of uncommon or unusual but appropriate responses. † Creativity is the process of choosing and shaping appropriate representation for a problem which lead an important discovery. Basically the creative response is not predictable until it is made a standard for the judgment of future creativity. Steps Of Creative Thinking Following are the steps of creative thinking. * Preparation Preparation is the first step in creative work. It start when a person observe natural phenomenon deeply, reads books, magazines and interact with creative people of his interest. * Incubation Incubation is a period of postponing the thinking process about a certain problems for creativity. Sometimes the preparation period is so longs or the ideas and information stored in mind are so overloaded that it becomes difficult for creator to choose and shape appropriately. Inspiration or illumination After or sometimes during the incubation period of rest, suddenly creator’s mind has a flash of light or illumination. He is inspired to write down in an automatic way. Verification And Elaboration The last step of creative thinking is of the verification and elaboration. At this step the creator reviews his creation, check his mistakes, verifies it according to the social norms present it to the public, asks for their critical views and opinions about his work and tries to update it accordingly. Characteristic Of The Creative People According to psychologist creative belongs to human traits. It is shown that there I particular patterns of psychological traits that characterized creative people regardless of their age, cultural background and areas of work.

The Use of Laughter as Medicine in Ken Keseys One Flew Over the Cuckoo

The Use of Laughter as Medicine in Ken Kesey's One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest For years, it has been said that laughter is the best medicine. In Proverbs 17:22 it says, "A merry heart doeth good like a medicine." Imagine being in a place where medicine takes the place of laughter. This is the environment the patients at an Oregon psychiatric hospital in Ken Kesey's One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1962) experienced before the arrival of a new patient. Chief Bromden, who is presumably deaf and dumb, narrates the story in third person. Mr. McMurphy enters the ward all smiles and hearty laughter as his own personal medicine. One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest is a story about patients in a psychiatric hospital, who are under the power of Nurse Ratched. Mrs. Ratched has control over all the patients except for Mr. McMurphy, who uses laughter to fight her power. According to Chief Bromden, McMurphy "...knows you have to laugh at the things that hurt you just to keep yourself in balance, just to keep the world from running you plumb crazy" (212). Laughter is McMurphy's medicine and tool to get him and the rest of the patients through their endless days at the hospital. The author's theme throughout the novel is that laughter is the best medicine, and he shows this through McMurphy's static character. The story is made up of series of conflicts between McMurphy and Nurse Ratched. McMurphy becomes a hero, changing the lives of many of the in mates. In the end, though, he pays for his actions by suffering a lobotomy, which turned him into a vegetable. The story ends when Bromden smothers McMurphy with a pillow and escapes to freedom. McMurphy demonstrates how he uses laughter and jokes to get through his days by trying to get Mr... ... fact that he has just been shocked when he tells Bromden that they are just charging his battery and "when I get out of here the first woman that takes on ol' Red McMurphy the ten-thousand-watt psychopath, she's gonna light up like a pinball machine and pay off in silver dollars [sic]!" (242-243). Here McMurphy uses a perverted mind to help him adjust to the reality that he has just received shock treatment. When a society replaces medicine for laughter, people are going to have problems just as the patients did in One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest. McMurphy, along with today's society, believes that laughter truly is the best medicine, and one cannot live a normal, sane life without it. Works Cited Kesey, Ken. One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest (1962). The Viking Press Inc. New York, New York.Gideons International. Tennessee: The National Publishing Company.

Miller introduce them into the book Essay

This shows that the girls want some recognition and gain authority by accusing innocent people of witchcraft. The people of Salem’s biggest fear was the defiance of God and so when Abigail and her assemblage spoke out against witchcraft everybody heeded their words and gave them the attention that they wanted. By pretending to be doing God’s work the girls become more important than before and use their power to make people believe what they want. This is why they are believed and never themselves impugned. One of the most noticeable themes of the book is heroism. Throughout the book there are many examples of this theme. The two most obvious events in the book which display heroism, if not somewhat controversially, are the deaths of Giles Cory and John Proctor. Cory’s death was heroic but it is possible to see the hanging of Proctor from a different perspective. It could be said that it was not a hero’s action to die but that of a guilty and cowardly man. In the book Miller, as well as Proctor, openly tells us of the characters mistakes. The reason Proctor chooses to be hung is because he could not bear to have his reputation tarnished. It could also be said though that he just could not bear the embarrassment of pleading innocence in order to save his life. John Proctor can be perceived as either a hero or a coward. I think that Proctor was a hero in this book. The way the book talks of him leads me to think of him as a well respected and highly thought of individual. I think that his actions were extremely brave and heroic. It must take a huge amount of bravery to go to your death even though you can get out of it. Despite there being little symbolism in the play it is a definite symbolic representation of the McCarthy anti-communist trials of the 1950s. I have explained previously about these trials and how they led Arthur Miller writing the book so from this is it obvious that Miller had these trials in mind whilst writing The Crucible. Many people have said though that these two events are completely different in that there were (as far as we know) no actual witches in Salem yet there were definitely communists in 1950 America. In the book I noticed that Miller seemed to focus more on the unwillingness of the judges to believe that the accused townspeople were innocent and preferred to hang as many people as possible in order to improve their status and rank within the court. I think this because when Danforth’s judgement is questioned he informs the court of how many death warrants he has signed, this to me shows that Danforth thinks that the more people you have hung the more respected you become. It is made obvious to us that Danforth is an important character because when he enters everyone in the room goes silent. This could suggest that you are more important if you have signed a lot of death warrants. This use of silence is another dramatic device used by Miller to emphasise an entrance and to make the audience focus on the entering character. I personally don’t know how the judges didn’t see through the girls because when I watched the video I noticed a lot of things which prove the girls are lying. For example, in Act 3, Abigail claims that ‘a cold wind blows’ and blames Mary Warren for sending out her spirit. During this performance, John Proctor claims that Abigail is a whore and that he has committed adultery with her. Abigail immediately stops acting and desperately informs Danforth that she is not a whore or a lecher. This could have been a major downfall for Abigail if someone had noticed this. I am particularly surprised that Proctor did not. If he had the trials could have ended there and then and would have prevented the deaths of many innocent people. In addition to themes Miller also introduces motifs. A motif is a recurring design, feature or melody. Accusation, Legal Proceedings and Confessions are major motifs of The Crucible. These appear regularly throughout the book and are the centre of action in the play. ‘This created a series of indictments even before Hale arrived’ (Sparknotes. com) and a reason for these people to turn on one another (revenge). The only way that the ‘witches’ could be found was through the accusations and confessions. The trials only continue as a result of accusations. John Proctor attempts to discontinue the courts proceedings by confessing to adultery in a desperate bid to expose Abigail yet it all goes horribly wrong and Proctor himself is accused of witchcraft! Proctor’s final courageous decision to die rather than confess to a crime he did not commit makes the judges rethink the whole case and decide to stop the trials before any one else died. Michael Day 10GO Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

The Federalists And Democratic Republicans - 1434 Words

From 1789 to 1816, the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans approached many problems differently, sometimes however, they had the same solutions to problems which were posed by England and the Native Americans. The Federalists and Democratic-Republicans both had different and sometimes similar viewpoints on how to solve the problems they faced during this particular time period. Federalists supported a strong, huge government that had a loose constriction of the constitution. They also supported the National Bank, exercise tax. Also, they thought tariffs should be high, and they believed in an industrial world filled with huge businesses and mass production of goods. However, the Democratic- Republicans wanted a more agrarian culture. They did not want a huge government, National bank, excise taxes, and they wanted the tariffs to be low. Some difficulties that the two parties faced were that the British created were impressments of sailors, assisting the Native Americans in war aga inst the United States, and the Orders in Council of 1805. The Native Americans also generated problems for America because they resisted land expansion. Because of their standards and beliefs, this shows how the two parties faced these particular problems that were caused by Britain and the Native Americans. Therefore, the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans solved problems differently, but sometimes they had the same idea to work together in order to effectively fix both of the parties’Show MoreRelatedFederalists vs. Democratic Republicans922 Words   |  4 Pagesthat was supposed to preserve our freedoms and certain liberties. All Americans at that time wanted to keep America a free an independent nation with rights for its people. However there was two different groups, the Federalists lead by Alexander Hamilton and the Democratic-Republicans led by Thomas Jefferson, which thought this could be achieved in very different ways. Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton were very different in their methods to try and develop America as a nation. The twoRead MoreFederalists vs. Democratic-Republicans Essay743 Words   |  3 Pagesgovernment grew and the nation prospered, the rise of leaders and political figures came about and with this, conflicting principles and ideology spawned, thus creating the first of the political parties; the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans. Although the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans ideology and stances on the power of the federal government, domestic economic policies and the group of constituents they represented differed vastly, members of both parties often compromised theirRead MoreFederalists vs. Democratic Republicans Essay484 Words   |  2 PagesFederalists vs. Democratic Republicans George Washington himself wanted to avoid a party system in America. Unfortunately, even when saying this he was part of the beginning of one of the first parties in United States politics. There have been many different parties surface since the beginning of the American political system. They all have different thoughts, policies, and motivations. Each party has come and gone, some have made significant contributions and others have not. The first splitRead MoreReform Of Action : Federalists Vs Democratic Republican1440 Words   |  6 PagesPlan of Action: Federalists vs Democratic-Republican From 1789 to 1816, the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans approached many problems differently, sometimes however, they had the same solutions to problems which were posed by England and the Native Americans. The Federalists and Democratic-Republicans both had different and sometimes similar viewpoints on how to solve the problems they faced during this particular time period. Federalists supported a strong, huge government that had a looseRead More1998 Dbq1014 Words   |  5 Pageson government and the Constitution. The Democratic Republicans, led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, were always characterized by following the strict construction of the constitution. The Federalists, led by Alexander Hamilton, were characterized by following the broad construction of the constitution. The presidencies of Jefferson and Madison proved this characterization to be somewhat accurate. Although the Democratic Republicans and the Federalists did support their own ideas and views,Read MoreThe First American Party System Essay1646 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1794, the major political parties were the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans. The major difference between these two was that the Federalists favored a strong central government, while the Democratic-Republicans preferred a central government with limited power and more state control. At the time of the election, it seemed that the prominent, distinguished Federalist Party clearly had the upper hand, but in the end the Democratic-Republican candidate ended up winning. Despite the factRead MoreThe Federalist And The Anti Federalist864 Words   |  4 PagesIn America today there are many political parties which include the Democrats and the Republicans. The beginning of political parties started in 1787 with the federalist, then later on the anti-federalist in 1796. Alexander Hamilton was the leader of the federalist party. Thomas Jefferson was the leader of the anti-federalist; who called themselves the Democratic-Republicans. Our first president, George Washington warned us about having parties and the danger of them. However, not until CongressRead MoreEssay on American Political Parties1589 Words   |  7 Pagespossible. During the time when the Constitution was being debated over the first two political parties surfaced in the United States, the Federalists, and the Anti-Federalists. After the Constitution was ratified the Anti-Federalists, led by Thomas Jefferson, became the Democratic Republicans. The war of 1812 ended the Federalist Party. The Democratic Republicans began to split over issues and some supported Andrew Jacksons policies and became known as Democrats. Those who opposed Andrew JacksonsRead MoreBeliefs and Ideals of Democrats and Republicans954 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Decisions and Actions Democratic-Republican Partys Beliefs and Ideals Federalist Partys Beliefs and Ideals Initiated the first Barbary War Aligned most with the Federalists party because it was a display of national power. They were terrified of a strong national government. They were strong believers of a central government Bought the Louisiana Purchase Aligned most with the Federalist party because they believed in expanding national power by expanding their territory and property. TheyRead MoreMadison And Jeffersons Federalist Ideas Essay968 Words   |  4 PagesStates. The Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties were in strong opposition of one another. Though the Republicans were usually characterized as strict constructionists, who were opposed to the broad constructionism of the Federalists, both Jefferson and Madisons presidencies highlighted Federalist ideals in many of their decisions. This included Jeffersons unconstitutional decision in purchasing the vast Louisiana territory and MadisonsÂ… The standard Democratic-Republican had many beliefs