Sigmund Freud: Criminals From a Sense of Guilt

Sigmund Freud: Criminals From a Sense of Guilt Sigmund Freud: Criminals From a Sense of Guilt Presentation The article I have decided for my basic examination is Criminals from A Sense of Guilty by Sigmund Freud (1914-1916). This basic audit will take a gander at the hypothesis of Freuds psychoanalytic thoughts of the connection between the individual practices and the social world regarding a wrongdoing. This perusing is about the thought of oblivious and feeling of liable. Freud presents an unmistakable, a significant element in the social hypothesis which is Psychoanalysis. Therapy is a mental point of view which examines the association of the cognizant and oblivious components as a top priority. Freud offered clarifications of how oblivious contemplations disguised just as he discussed the soundness and unreasonableness in the human activities what is happening in their brains. This subject is very particular from the remainder of the past point we adapted so far which were hypotheses of public activity, society and sociological viewpoint just as philosophy. This subject spotlights o n madness and the blameworthy awareness/oblivious. Freud clarifies this subject as that the presence of feeling blame cognizant in the psyche of the individual is available constantly. Freud attempted to comprehend in his capability on the progression of human brain in unmistakable manners. It likewise takes a gander at the various practices of people and how individual are inclined to crooks because of their feeling of blame. Primary body In the primary entry, Freud expresses that his patients, those carried out wrongdoings were battling from an abusive sentiment of blame. Freud started on his article to discuss his standard perception of his patients in his consideration, and how frequently they give their offense of denied wrongdoings they submitted while in his consideration and a short time later. The deficiency of this content is the creator relies upon his experience of his customers, rather than giving an experimental information. For position, in the main passage, he showed that ahead of schedule as when pubescence, those in his consideration were submitting wrongdoings, yet didn't give definite age bunches neither classifications. He didn't give the quantity of individuals he rewarded and watched. In this way, he didn't offer a date to help the legitimacy of piece. It is likewise not satisfactory on the off chance that he was given assent from his patients to share this data because of classification reasons. This is on the grounds that he doesn't examine privacy and secrecy in his article. As indicated by him, these wrongdoings were submitted by his patients while they were very youthful at times. Offenses submitted at the time were robbery, extortion and pyromania. He focused on that wrongdoing is submitted because of its inclination of preclusion, which he trusts it gives mental alleviation to the people. Freud additionally trusts a portion of this individual are enduring the weight of blame and the abused inclination inside them from adolescence, subsequently, perfuming such offense is doled out to something profound (p. 332). This needs explanation of the feeling of feeling Guilt and what made them feel this blame was restricted in his clarification. I don't concur with Freuds asserts that people feel a feeling of blame before they carry out a wrongdoing. Though, I accept an individual can have feeling of blame in the wake of carrying out a wrongdoing in light of the fact that the individual know the outcomes that accompanies perpetrating a wrongdoing. From the embarrassment and disconnection that joins the discipline. In any case, I do concur with Freuds asserts that blame is an interior inclination. In any case, it is simply after an occurrence happens which could be exposed to fine or detainment. This is on the grounds that these disciplines make people stress over their activities which could then prompt a feeling of blame. As I would like to think, I can feel remorseful when I neglected to keep the outright law or perpetrate wrongdoing/sin, or any defiance which is culpable. In this way, I accept that the possibility of blame ought to identify with an infringement of rights. Freuds hypothesis discusses the advancement of criminal character can be because of the method of a kid had been raised since the beginning. The experience of youth could be one reason that numerous youngsters lead to building up a criminal character when they become more seasoned. In this manner, Freud accentuated his patients had a past feelings showed somewhere down in their brains. I may consent somewhat. In any case, numerous kids developed and build up their intellectual ability and get over their past encounters, and some may influence them severely. Moreover, in his period individuals may had the sources and administration that is accessible for some individuals today. The second components of the perusing on the fourth entries, dark of a feeling of blame drived from Oedipus complex (p. 332). He guarantees the outcome of analytical work of human feeling of blame as a rule accordingly is gotten from the Oedipus complex and was a response to the two extraordinary criminal aims of murdering the dad and having sexual relations with the mother (p. 332-333). This shows how the kid sees the dad as discipline figure inside him. The childs tension creates and his resentment toward the dad. Its method of indicating a feeling of strain inside the family unit and the intensity of the dad. In this way, the weight is as of now present in the house before deduction the social limitation when all is said in done. Because of the feeling of blame is gotten from here and this is the principal ethical quality of mankind. In like manner, Freud had no proof to back up his investigation. His case is ambiguous to me on how a youngster can have that limit of an abhor or love. Moreover, youngsters can't create feeling of sexuality at this beginning period especially towards their parental mother. Freud was teaching us about the mental viewpoints and its components which drives people to carry out violations. Be that as it may, as he would see it demonstrated huge components of mental variables interface with early misconducts encounters. Be that as it may, there isn't sufficient proof to back his cases of the variables which drive people to perpetrate violations. This is on the grounds that he doesn't discuss the treatment where his patients had experienced. He likewise didn't pinpoint nor feature the avoidance procedures in his article which could forestall them to perpetrate such wrongdoings. In cognizant phantasy, since they as of now feel they are assaulted and got injured in their brain, and they utilize their instrument resistance, and what assert move is making by these individuals to hurt others cause them to feel diminished. Thusly, this weight of blame inside them, got them calmed by showcasing this phantasy. As indicated by Freud, the genuine discipline which is as of now inside them is anguishing them before carrying on. The third critical case in the content is Pale guiltiness. Freud passed on the therapy understanding of pale lawbreaker (p.333), it is the guideline of oblivious phantasy, the psychological reasoning and movement which is special for the individuals who have feeling of blame and drives to carry out wrongdoing and want for a discipline. Be that as it may, they got assuaged by carrying on. Besides, he finished up his piece saying; Let us leave it to leave it to future exploration to choose (p.333), this sabotages the estimation of his work and shows he had a feeling that his examination required improvement and amendment of his deception. Regardless, the creator appears he didn't completely accomplish his planned objective as he left it for future. The examples and classifications are not satisfactory and the technique used to show up such ends. This shows his investigation isn't wide. It is just in his customers which even comes up short on the quantity of individuals he rewarded. Moreover, it is the thing that his patients educated him its not appeared in the event that he led a scholarly exploration. Without sufficient detail, Freud comes up short on the profundity in its clarification of this article. It is amazingly hard to survey the unwavering quality of his examinations and result. There is some equivocalness with respect to the legitimacy of his examination, and a portion of the cases he saw just as the ends he came to. Not just had he discussed youth encounters and how past feeling drove individuals. Freud likewise clarified human psyche is so basic which needs concrete. End To presume that Freuds hypothesis is known the oblivious psyche, and his expectation was to speak to the criminal from feeling of blame. A portion of the cases Freud examines didnt indicate how he completed his examination. Some of them educated about their offense and their feeling of which headed to carry out a wrongdoing, which didnt have cognizant. Despite the fact that youngsters developed and abandon some juvenile feeling, and some developed with the emotionals. As individuals developed more established they create intellectual ability and all through they gain from off-base and right. Notwithstanding, a few people may carry out wrongdoing for various reasons; due to being a gluttonous or mental issue. In this manner, the individuals he rewarded was not satisfactory what kind of individuals and what condition they were enduring, was it a psychological issue which either be treatable or area for open security. My proposal on this piece is it needs more examination to be done dependent on the feeling of blame reason for the wrongdoing. Despite the fact that, Freuds tests dependent on just a few cases, in any case, analysis made valuable components which are helpful in the criminal equity framework somewhat which is unmistakable despite the fact that is useful yet not solid hundred percent.

Change: Marriage and Conventional Life Style Essay

An individual’s endeavor to live unreservedly depends on confidence and intrigue. To disturb the perfect and criticalness of living under a regular way of life, one must advance outside their day by day schedules. We are frequently impervious to change because of the results of our activities however for some, having a routine becomes everything. It is an agreeable standard method of living that ensures wellbeing and for things to remain precisely the same. At the point when a routine has become stale and unbendable we have become detainees inside the cells of our own creation. By taking a gander at â€Å"Behind the Headlines† by Vidyut Aklujkar one can see the subject the creator exhibits betwwen custom and change*change can get freedom the short story Behind the Headlines, Vidyut Aklujkar states a contention between convention versus change. Hariharan’s daze acknowledgment of abusing Lakshmi is the thing that drives her to such indiscreet approach to oversee her own life. â€Å"Lakshmi got worn out simply considering the consistency of her life.† With this announcement we can assume she feels committed to serve Hariharan because of their marriage and customs. â€Å"Mornings started in this manner with Sanskrit and Sangeet would cause one to feel warm and pure.† Lakshmis flashback to India gives the peruser proof that like Hariharan, she has additionally morning schedules. She at that point discloses how she needed to abandon all that when she wedded Hariharan and needed to move to Canada. In the short story â€Å"Behind the Headline† by Vidyut Aklujkar, the spouse Lakshmi is depleted of her redundant life that is brought about by her better half Hariharan calling. Change in everyday undertakings can furnish you with adaptability.

Top 3 Blogging Trends That Will Dominate 2017

Top 3 Blogging Trends That Will Dominate 2017 Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Top 3 Blogging Trends That Will Dominate 2017Updated On 09/04/2017Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : Blogging FeaturedShort URL : http://bit.ly/2ntRCgX CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogAlthough every blog is uniquely different, and absolutely should be, there are always some defining trends that decipher whether a blog will be successful or not within a particular time period. Blogging is one of those fields that is constantly evolving and in order to stay relevant with followers and rankings, bloggers need to learn to adapt and evolve with the times or risk ending up buried on page 20 of the Google SERPs. Here are the trends expected to dominate the 2016 blogosphere.Blogging Trends That Will Dominate 20161. Don’t Just Tell, Sell!One trend that is increasing in importance is the aspect of selling something. In the past, all that was weighted was a blogger’s voice and p erspective on their niche topic, but now more than ever blogs are a kind of business, which makes the blogger a businessperson. Whether it is selling e-books that the blogger has written, to selling online courses, or ad space on the blog itself, the bottom line is that every blog is selling something on top of the offer of engaging content. In light of this, many blogs are not only being run more like a business but also using specific country domains like this to stand out from the crowd and increase global awareness.2. Be EngagingEngagement is not so coincidentally the next key player. Beyond just metrics such as page views and bounce rates, the user experience will be key to success more than ever next year. But how do you get your readers engaged? Part of the answer to that question is offering content that gets them involved in some way: from your comments section to an endorsements section, or by offering interactive material (downloadable templates and worksheets, infographi cs, podcasts, webinars, videos, etc.) that they physically engage with.READWhich elements of a webpage have an impact on user experience?Your content needs to be relevant and valuable in some way, but it should also engage the visitors on more than one form of interaction (reading). See here for some effective ways of increasing engagement on your blog.3. Email Lists Continue to Increase in ImportanceOne way to keep people engaged is to keep them informed, like through an email newsletter for example. Having followers of your blog and being active on social media is fantastic, but if you are a blogger and have not yet harnessed the power of an email list, then you are shooting yourself in the foot. Although social media is great for marketing, and gaining likes and shares (increasing your reach), it isn’t reaching the loyal readership that an email list generates. If someone registers for a blog email list, it means they are interested enough to know when new content is being post ed and will most likely read anything you send them.An email newsletter reminding them of your blog, informing them of new posts and products, and even offering discounts on the products you are selling; all of this keeps your blog relevant at the present, as opposed to being out of sight, out of mind. Your loyal reader base is your key market demographic and the heart and soul of your blog success. Analyse these Blogging trends that will dominate 2016 and prepare your strategy accordingly.

Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) - 2609 Words

Susana Robles March 24, 2015 English 100B Jodi Simmons Autism Spectrum Disorder â€Å"Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is the name given to describe a wide range of behaviors amongst the autistic population. Children with autism are less able to interact with the world as other children do. Normally they have shortfalls in five key ranges: verbal, non-verbal correspondence, social mindfulness, and connections† (The New Talkers.com). This is one of the disorders that can either be recognized right away in a child, take a long time to diagnose, or might not even be noticeable; the lack of diagnosis can also become a negative issue in an autistic person’s life. Because this disorder is fairly common, and can be devastating should a child have ASD but remain undiagnosed, public schools should train their teachers and staff to recognize autism and its symptoms. There are many students that are being failed rather than receiving the help required to help these children succeed. Many in the general public as well are not informed of what autism is, and ca n be judgmental towards these kids without understanding why these kids act the way they do. Parents and specially teachers need to be educated about this disorder so that these children can grow up having a better future. To further describe the complexity of this disease, the Center of Disease Control offers this explanation as to why ASD is so hard to diagnose: Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental disability that canShow MoreRelatedAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1722 Words   |  7 Pagesin every sixty-eight births are diagnosed with the Autism spectrum disorder in other words (ASD), which is about one percent of the world’s population. And that more than three point five million people in America live with a person who has the Autism spectrum disorder. We all know that Autism is a spectrum disorder in which an abnormality is developed in the brain. It is a long life condition that has no cure for itself. People who have Autism face many difficulties in their communication and theirRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1441 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a hereditary neurodevelopmental disorder. Like many other psychological disorders, it is commonly misunderstood in popular culture. Many allude to it casually, often equating it with crippling social awkwardness and disability when it is in fact a spectrum disorder with many degrees of severity. It is somewhat of an enigma within the scientific community as well; there are many things we do not know about ASD and there is ongoing research to learn moreRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1535 Words   |  7 PagesHow Autism Influences the Interactions with Others There is a little boy that gets up every morning and goes to school. He goes home to his parents after school each day. He eats, sleeps, and plays just like any other child. There is one difference. He sees the world in a unique way than most other children not affected by Autism Spectrum Disorder. The boy’s life and actions are a bit different and can be challenging for him. He needs understanding parents, family members, and teachers. Autism SpectrumRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1444 Words   |  6 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder Dustin S. Staats University of Central Oklahoma â€Å"Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) formerly known as just Autism, is a disorder that affects about 1 in 68 children here in the United States.† (Facts about ASD) This is a pretty high prevalence and the number is continuing to rise. â€Å"Autism is a developmental disability that can cause significant impairments in behavioral, communication, and social aspects of everyday life.†(Facts about ASD). The intellectual functioning ofRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1569 Words   |  7 Pagesdiagnoses for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) occur has seen a dramatic growth in numbers. With diagnoses for ASD increasing, more siblings are also being found to have grown up with a sister or brother with autism spectrum disorder. Previous studies have shown no consensus on whether or not siblings of persons with ASD are at risk for negative effects. However, patterns of anxiety among these siblings are being examined to see if characteristics of a child with autism spectrum disorder and their parentsRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1369 Words   |  6 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Introduction I don t think people understand how unique children with Autism are or the demands of caring for a child with Autism is. In order to grasp the effect of this disability has on a child or their family it is important to understand the characteristics of a child living with Autism. So for you to understand I will be talking about Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or Autism in a childs life. I will be talking about what autism is, the history and descriptionRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1587 Words   |  7 Pages Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder  (ASD) Purpose: My audience will learn the importance of recognizing early signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder in children. Thesis: It is important to understand the early signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder, and why early intervention is the best treatment. Introduction: Gain/maintain attention There is a television show I like to watch called â€Å"The Big Bang Theory, maybe some of you have seen it. This show focuses on the relationships between a group of friends, someRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) Essay1168 Words   |  5 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder, as defined by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders, refers to a group of complex neurodevelopment disorders characterized by repetitive and characteristic patterns of behavior and difficulties with social communication and interaction (ninds.nih.gov). Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a very complex developmental disorder and the term ‘spectrum’ was added to the original term simply known as ‘Autism’ due to the wide range of symptoms associated with the disorderRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1852 Words   |  8 PagesThe following paper is going to cover the topic of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Using research and data collected from various authors and journalists the paper will describe the different variations of autism and discuss the impact autism has on a person- in society, at home, in the classroom, and in their careers. Beginning at infancy, autism has a major impact on not just the child but their family’s life as well. The child’s lack of ability to interpret social cues, gestures, and expressionsRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) Essay1240 Words   |  5 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a range of conditions grouped under the neurodevelopmental disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) published in 2013 (Kress Paylo, 2015). Those who are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder must present two types of symptoms: 1) Deficits in social communication and social interaction and 2) Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities (APA, 2013). The DSM-5 merged all autism

Airline Deregulation Act Of 1978 Signed - 1398 Words

INTRODUCTION Airline deregulation is the process of removing the government-imposed regulations on the entry of new airlines as well the airline fare limiting the competition and growth of the airline industry. In the United States, airline deregulation mainly refers to the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 signed by President Carter. President Carter signed the Act, but the act was proposed initially during Nixon’s presidency, and was carried out by the Ford Administration. The airline industry was growing dramatically during the 1960s and mid-1970s. Due to the steady increase in the demand, airlines were facing three major difficulties- lack of free and stable market, high ticket prices leading to poor productivity, and rising†¦show more content†¦Section four, will be an overview of post-deregulation strategies and its success. Section five, will address the present day oligopolistic domestic airline market and explain how it is hurting social welfare. Section six, will present methods such as â€Å"mergers† or â€Å"alliances† which are being utilized to prevent competition. Section seven, will outline the major historic event of 9/11 and the impact it had on the airline industries, as it strongly called for government involvement. Lastly, I will conclude with few remarks. SECTION TWO: History of the airline industry and the CAB The beginning of government-imposed regulations on the airline industry can be dated back to the passage of the Civil Aeronautics Act in 1938. (Millbrooke, 2006) The Civil Aeronautics Act was responsible for transferring federal responsibilities for non-military aviation from the Bureau of Air Commerce to a new independent agency referred to as the Civil Aeronautics Authority. The Civil Aeronautic Authority soon became Civil Aeronautics board (CAB) and had three major functions: to award routes to airlines, limit the competition by controlling the entry of new air carriers into the market, and to regulate the air fares. (Millbrooke, 2006) The established practices of the commercial passenger can be dated even further back to the policies of Walter Folger Brown, the U.S. postmaster general in

Marketing Plan For A Business Plan - 1268 Words

1 †Beer is proof that God loves us and wants us to be happy† Benjamin Franklin Sunny Brewing Company is located in Small Town USA. For the purpose of this assignment the following assumptions will be used: ï‚ · The liquor licensing laws allow for onsite consumption as well as distribution. ï‚ · The physical plant location is not geographically bound thus allowing for physical expansion, rather than total relocation, to add square footage for the operation. In this instance the term bound refers to no available tenant space on either side of the existing location. ï‚ · Credit history of the company is solid, with no loan or bill default having occurred. ï‚ · Management has an established tracking of customer sales and preferences. ï‚ · Owners/stakeholders†¦show more content†¦They do not wish to become an Anheuser Busch. 2 Financial Status Sunny Brewing Company has been in business for one calendar year. We will make the assumption that the two new part time employee’s salary includes all taxes and social security contribution. Also, health benefits are not included as part of the compensation package. Included in the compensation package is one half gallon growler of beer per week and two logoed T-shirts every six months as a uniform. The financial ratio calculations have been adjusted to include the employee compensation for two employees at $15,000.00 per twelve months or $30,000.00 divided by twelve. The Current Ratio Formula; Current Ratio is determined by dividing the assets by the liabilities. (MBA in a Nutshell) Current Ratio= Assets /Liabilities with balance sheet numbers: $18,211 / $6573 = a ratio of 2.77 Short term creditors prefer a higher ratio as it reduces the risk of default. Conversely, shareholders prefer a low ratio as it indicates that the assets are being utilized to grow the business. Based on the project information we are assuming that inventory turnover is not a factor of concern as â€Å"they are selling as fast as they can make it.† The Net Working Capital Ratio: Net Working Capital Ratio is determined by the current assets minus the current liabilities. (MBA in a Nutshell) (Net Working Capital Ratio= Current Assets –Current Liabilities) With the

Management Accounting Business Finance for Corporate

Question: Describe about the Management Accounting for Business Finance for Corporate. Answer: a) The production costing system is the process of assigning inventory costs and production costs based on the expenses that are used to buy or produce inventory. It is important for the company to use appropriate costing system in order to record all their information(Elliott and Elliott, 2008). Therefore, it is the process to track and analyze all the expenses that are incurred during the production and sale of the products. It helps the company to store and analyze cost information as well as providing significant information that helps to prepare future business plan. Product costing system helps to increase the efficiency of the business especially when variable costing assigns only the units of the product the variable costs associated with the creation (Elliott and Elliott, 2008). Without an appropriate [product costing system it would be difficult for the company to analyze the flow of cash and determining whether the ongoing project has been successfully accomplished or not. Th e manager of the company makes decisions on the basis of return on investments and the amount of profit the company can obtain from the sale of the product. The product costingsystem shows all the information that helps the manager to make decisions(Fifield and Power, 2011).The development of product refers to the manufacturing of new and innovative product. Product costing can be a valuable resource while designing a new product line as it allows the manufacturing department to evaluate costs associated with the development of the product AASB 102 inventories are equal to the IAS 2. The objective of the AASB is to describe the inventories accounting and applies to the reporting organizations that prepares financial statements in both non for profit and for profit sectors(Helbk, Lindest and McLellan, 2010). The conversion cost of inventories includes costs that are directly related to the production together with allocation of the production overheads are as follows: Direct labor used in the process of production Direct materials that directly enter into the process of production are converted into the finished goods(Hillier, 2010). Fixed overheads such as factory management costs or depreciation Variable overheads such as indirect labor and indirect materials Direct costing is referred to as specialized form of the cost analysis that particularly uses variable cost in order to make appropriate decisions. Direct costing does not includes fixed cost that are assumed to be associated with time periods in which the costs were incurred. It helps the management department to take short term decisions (Holton, 2012).The variables overheads are allocated to units based on the use of the production facilities. The unallocated variances, for an example idle plant should be recognized as expense in profit or loss in the incurred period. The preparation of the financial statements will help to determine and evaluate the financial position of the company(Moles, 2011). b) Cost of goods manufactured Direct Materials Amount ($) Beginning raw material inventory 25000 Purchase of raw material 120000 Raw material available 20000 Closing raw material inventory -24000 Raw materials transferred to production 141000 Direct labour 35700 Indirect labour cost 15000 Factory supplies 5000 Insurance 5000 Repair maintenance 2500 Land tax 2200 Total manufacturing costs 206400 Beginning work in progress 8000 Closing work in progress -7500 Cost of goods manufactured 206900 Cost of goods sold Amount ($) Cost of goods sold Beginning finished goods inventory 12500 Cost of goods manufactured 206900 finished goods inventory -13600 Cost of goods sold 205800 Cost of goods manufactured is referred to total expenses required for the production of products which includes variable and fixed costs that incurs during a specific period of time. It helps to determine the cost of goods sold in the income statement. Cost of goods sold is the direct costs that are associated with the production of the product sold by the company. The amounts include material cost used to manufacture product as well as direct labor used. The items that have been removed are depreciation, advertising expense, managers salary, travel and entertainment expense as because the costs are not associated with the production of goods. The goods of manufactured schedule include all the items that are used during the production process(Paramasivan and Subramanian, 2009). The preparation of the financial statements will help to determine and evaluate the financial position of the company. c) Template T accounts The production department requires investment and resources in order to manufacture products. The production department required raw materials, labour and financial investment. The increases in sale of product will help to increase the profitability of the company. The preparation of cost accounts will help to estimate and evaluate the total cost required for the production of the product. The company will be able to estimate its performance by analyzing the sales and cost of the production. Raw Materials Particulars Debit ($) Particulars Credit ($) Balance b/d 25000 Raw material used 121000 Raw material used 120000 Purchases Balance c/d 24000 Total 145000 Total 145000 Work in progress Particulars Debit ($) Particulars Credit ($) Balance b/d 8000 Expenses 500 Balance c/d 7500 8000 8000 Finished goods Particulars Debit ($) Particulars Credit ($) Balance b/d 12500 Production cost 1100 Balance c/d 13600 12500 12500 Accounts Payable Particulars Debit ($) Particulars Credit ($) Balance b/d 20000 Cash 2500 Balance c/d 22500 22500 22500 Cost of goods sold Particulars Debit ($) Particulars Credit ($) Beginning finished goods inventory 12500 Cost of goods manufactured 206900 Balance c/d 208000 finished goods inventory 13600 220500 220500 i) Manufacturing overhead Particulars Debit ($) Particulars Credit ($) Actual overhead 35700 Applied overhead 53550 Balance c/d 17850 Total 53550 Total 53550 ii) Indirect costs Particulars Debit ($) Particulars Credit ($) Administrative (Sales) salaries 24000 Advertising expense 12000 Travel and entertainment (sales) expense 14100 Balance c/d 50100 Total 50100 Total 50100 iii) Difference between over or under applied overhead is (applied overhead actual overhead), (53550-35700=17850). Therefore, it shows that the overhead is over applied. iv) Particulars Debit ($) Credit ($) Cash 17850 Applied overhead 17850 d) A under applied or over applied manufacturing overhead expenses is referred to as the difference between the production overhead cost that is applied on the work in progress and the production overhead cost that is incurred during a period of time. Therefore, the application of over applied or under applied can be determined if the production manufacturing cost that is applied to the work in process is more than production overhead cost incurred actually during a period(Shapiro, 2006). The difference between the estimation is known as the over applied production overhead. If the production overhead cost that is applied to the work in progress is less than production overhead cost incurred actually during a period. Therefore, the differences between them is known as the under applied production overhead. The company should focus on strategies in order to deal with under or over applied overhead. The decision is based on many factors that should be considered while estimating the overh ead such as expected time length in order to complete the process of manufacturing, anticipating the shared overhead costs and other factors that lead the organization to determine and analyze the amount of production overhead per unit(Smart, Megginson and Gitman, 2004). The most difficult part of manufacturing product and allocating the cost are uneven circumstances that may arise while operating the manufacturing process as well as affecting the overall development of the company. The accountants of the company charges the production overhead expenses to the inventories on the number of hours the machines uses in the process of production and estimating the rate. An appropriate allocation of the resources will help to deal with the situation of under applied or over applied of overhead. The company should focus on strategies in order to deal with under or over applied overhead(Spiceland, Sepe and Nelson, 2011). The production overhead includes all the expense of cost of goods sold that cannot be attributed to product being produced. The overhead expenses statement shows all the expenses that are incurred by a company during a specific period time. It includes variable costs, fixed costs, direct expenses and indirect expenses. The under applied and over applied of production overhead arises when the manufacturing overhead that is budgeted does not match with the actual manufacturing overhead. The main role of the managers is to control the cost of production as well as matching the set result with the actual result. An effective cost control system helps to manage all the operations of the organization as well as enhancing the performance of the company(Stittle and Wearing, 2008). The overheads can be controlled and the manufacturing department plays a significant role in the management of the cost that incurred during specific period of time. The management of costs and other expenses helps to determine and evaluate the efficiency level of a company. The man agement department is responsible to control and manage the cost of the company. Particulars Debit ($) Credit ($) Cash 17850 Applied overhead 17850 e) The standard costing system is a part of the cost accounting that assists the managers to manage all the costs of the organization incurred during a period of time. The standard costs are commonly associated with the production costs which include direct labor costs, manufacturing overhead, material costs of the company(Tripathi, 2008). It is a significant accounting tool that helps the accountants to evaluate the costs and minimizing the errors by suggesting appropriate acting and determining variance in the accounts(Wild, 2005). The managers and staff members of Seafarer Keyaksshould implement standard costing system within their organization in order to establish an efficient cost centers and assigning the responsibilities to different department within the organization that will help to increase the efficiency of the delegation of the authority(Wolf, 2008). The preparation of the cost accounts is very much important such as cost of goods and cost of goods manufactured in order to determine and evaluate the costs incurred by a company during a period of time. An effective standard costing system develops the reappraisals techniques and materials that lead to minimum unfavorable variances(Zopounidis, 2008). Therefore, the managers of the company will be able to determine the products that are not processing as per the projected plan. The procedures of the cost control can be simplified with the help of standard costing system within the departments and provides a wide platform to manage all the operations such as costs, direct expenses, indirect expenses and other costs. The financial plan of an organization depends on effective and efficient costing system as well as also helps in inventory evaluation, marginal costing and budgeting. The cost management shows the expenses incurred by a company during a period of time(Fifield and Power, 2011). The production process cost and other overhead expenses are also estimated with the help of production costing system. The overrate can be estimated of Seafarer Keyaks can be calculated on the basis of labor hours, raw materials, payroll, payment to the supplier etc. It can be managed with the help of standard costing system.The direct labour cost, direct material cost, other cost and their actual costs are compared to the set standards(Helbk, Lindest and McLellan, 2010). T he costing system enables to compare the actual cost with the set standards as well determining and analyzing the variances differences. The analysis of the variances differences will help the managers to determine and evaluate their weaknesses as well as improving their cost control system, cost management system and operational efficiencies. The inventory balances can also be analyzed and printing the report to evaluate the inventory during a period of time(Paramasivan and Subramanian, 2009). The preparation of financial statements helps an organization to analyze their financial performance during a specific period of time.Therefore, the managers of the company should implement standard costing system in order to estimate the cost incurred during a period of time and comparing the actual result with the set results. The management of operations and accounting process increases the cost effectiveness as well as implementing adequate system. The managers of Seafarer Kaykas should m anage their operations and cost with the help of standard costing system(Shapiro, 2006). It will also allow the managers to formulate the pricing and production policies and rules as well planning for future objectives, costs, budgets and production process. The inventory evaluation will become easier as well a managing all the expenses, liabilities and revenues. The preparation of the financial statements will help to determine and evaluate the financial position of the company. The production process of the company includes cost of materials, labour, salaries, factory expenses and other associated costs(Spiceland, Sepe and Nelson, 2011). The finance department plays a significant role in the management of funds and resources of the company. References Berk, J. and DeMarzo, P. (2007).Corporate finance. Boston: Pearson Addison Wesley. Elliott, B. and Elliott, J. (2008).Financial accounting and reporting. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall. 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